1 Samuel 4:2

Authorized King James Version

And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel: and when they joined battle, Israel was smitten before the Philistines: and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּֽעַרְכ֨וּ
put themselves in array
to set in a row, i.e., arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications)
#2
פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים
And the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#3
לִקְרַ֣את
against
an encountering, accidental, friendly or hostile (also adverbially, opposite)
#4
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#5
וַתִּטֹּשׁ֙
and when they joined
properly, to pound, i.e., smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusive
#6
הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה
battle
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
#7
וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף
was smitten
to push, gore, defeat, stub (the toe), inflict (a disease)
#8
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#9
לִפְנֵ֣י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#10
פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים
And the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#11
וַיַּכּ֤וּ
and they slew
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#12
בַמַּֽעֲרָכָה֙
of the army
an arrangement; concretely, a pile; specifically a military array
#13
בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה
in the field
a field (as flat)
#14
כְּאַרְבַּ֥עַת
about four
four
#15
אֲלָפִ֖ים
thousand
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
#16
אִֽישׁ׃
men
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Analysis

Within the broader context of 1 Samuel, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of 1 Samuel.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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